搬砖养家的河狸，顺带还防火、抗洪、固碳、养鱼
一只美洲河狸 | Steve
图源：r/Environmentalist，汉化：Cloud
防火
河狸坝周围的植被没被烧毁 | 参考资料[1]
抗洪
在遇到强降雨时，没有河狸坝的河流会形成非常强的水流。而在有河狸坝的地方，水流被拦截了，其中还有一部分能被周围的土地吸收储存。
一个河狸坝 | Patrick Mackie
河狸坝其实是可穿透的结构，水坝内部有空隙。水经过时不会倾泻而下，而是被缓慢地释放，这让下游的水流更容易被管理，从而降低洪水风险。据估计，河狸减少了60%的洪水量。
净水
流经河狸坝的水变得更干净了 | Alan Puttock
一个河狸家庭，中间两只在互相理毛 | Mercury Freedom
此外，河狸创造的湿地也更加凉爽，因为水变成水蒸气时需要吸热。还有一些研究指出，河狸的池塘能储存大量的碳。
勤劳的河狸
河狸甩动尾巴拍打水面 | Garth Kroeker
河狸修建的运河 | Allison LeBlanc
撰文 | Cloud
参考资料：
[1] Kleinberger, Rebecca, et al. "Birds of a Feather Video-Flock Together: Design and Evaluation of an Agency-Based Parrot-to-Parrot Video-Calling System for Interspecies Ethical Enrichment." Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 2023.
[1] Fairfax, E., & Whittle, A. (2020). Smokey the Beaver: beaver-dammed riparian corridors stay green during wildfire throughout the western United States. Ecol. Appl., 30(8), e02225. doi: 10.1002/eap.2225
[2] Goldfarb, B. (2021). How beavers became North America's best firefighter. Animals. Retrieved from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/beavers-firefighters-wildfires-california-oregon?cmpid=org=ngp::mc=social::src=twitter::cmp=editorial::add=tw20210705animals-resurfwildfiresbeavers&sf247312258=1
[3] University, S. (2022). Beaver dams buffer rivers against climate extremes | Stanford News. Stanford News. Retrieved from https://news.stanford.edu/2022/11/08/beaver-dams-buffer-rivers-climate-extremes
[4] Beavers are “ecosystem engineers” and fight climate change, too. (2023, April 03). Retrieved from https://environmentamerica.org/articles/beavers-are-ecosystem-engineers-and-fight-climate-change-too
[5] 8 Facts to Celebrate International Beaver Day. (2019, April 05). Retrieved from https://nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/news/8-facts-celebrate-international-beaver-day
[6] Kids, N. G. (2017, May 25). American Beaver | Awesome Animals. Youtube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ic3x8OVYe80
[7] Nummi, P., Vehkaoja, M., Pumpanen, J., & Ojala, A. (2018). Beavers affect carbon biogeochemistry: both short-term and long-term processes are involved. Mamm. Rev., 48(4), 298–311. doi: 10.1111/mam.12134
[8] Wohl, E. (2013). Landscape-scale carbon storage associated with beaver dams. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40(14), 3631–3636. doi: 10.1002/grl.50710
[9] Of Wildlife Resources, U. D. (2009, December 03). Beavers: Creators of Habitat. Youtube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_m85o5c82I
[10]Sarwari, K. (2021). Beavers are the unsung heroes of wildfire protection efforts. Northeastern Global News. Retrieved from https://news.northeastern.edu/2020/10/05/beavers-are-the-unsung-hero-of-wildfire-protection-efforts
[11] Ling, T. (2023). Why do beavers build dams? BBC Science Focus Magazine. Retrieved from https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/why-do-beavers-build-dams
[12] Larsen, A., Larsen, J. R., & Lane, S. N. (2021). Dam builders and their works: Beaver influences on the structure and function of river corridor hydrology, geomorphology, biogeochemistry and ecosystems. Earth-Sci. Rev., 218, 103623. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103623
[13] Beavers at Work. (2021, September 28). Retrieved from https://lindajspielman.com/2021/09/28/beavers-at-work
[14] Jordan, C. E., & Fairfax, E. (2022). Beaver: The North American freshwater climate action plan. WIREs Water, 9(4), e1592. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1592
[15] Relocated beavers helped mitigate some effects of climate change. (2022, August 09). Retrieved from https://www.sciencenews.org/article/beaver-relocation-climate-change-dam-stream
[16] Puttock, A., Graham, H. A., Carless, D., & Brazier, R. E. (2018). Sediment and nutrient storage in a beaver engineered wetland. Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 43(11), 2358–2370. doi: 10.1002/esp.4398
[17] McLeish, T. (2015). Pathways to the Ponds. The Center for Northern Woodlands Education. Retrieved from https://northernwoodlands.org/discoveries/pathways-to-ponds
[18] Weber, N., Bouwes, N., Pollock, M. M., Volk, C., Wheaton, J. M., Wathen, G., ...Jordan, C. E. (2017). Alteration of stream temperature by natural and artificial beaver dams. PLoS One, 12(5), e0176313. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176313
[19] Puttock, A., Graham, H. A., Cunliffe, A. M., Elliott, M., & Brazier, R. E. (2017). Eurasian beaver activity increases water storage, attenuates flow and mitigates diffuse pollution from intensively-managed grasslands. Sci. Total Environ., 576, 430–443. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.122
由于河狸对生态环境的积极作用，在20世纪40年代末，爱达荷州渔猎局的工作人员想要为城市里的河狸搬家，将它们迁移到大自然的荒野中。
不过，如何让76只河狸搬家是个难题。这些河狸也在狸生第一次坐上了飞机……等待它们的是一场看似危险的“空投”。
想知道它们具体是如何搬家的吗？它们真的成功搬家了吗？下周五同一时间，锁定【把科学带回家】！我们将继续为你带来关于河狸的精彩内容。
想了解更多有趣的科学知识，也别忘了关注我们，加星标。
原创文章版权归微信公众号
“把科学带回家”所有
转载请联系：bd@wanwuweb.com
凡本公众号转载、引用的文章 、图片、音频、视频文件等资料的版权归版权所有人所有，因此产生相关后果，由版权所有人、原始发布者和内容提供者承担，如有侵权请联系删除。
▲ 关注我们，点亮在看，分享一下
▼