原文链接：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344916303676

或许我们从未关注过琳琅满目的超市中存在的食品废物问题以及由此产生的环境影响。但有研究表明，食品废物会导致温室气体排放量大幅上升，未来甚至可达到每年排放几十亿吨二氧化碳的增量。本文以瑞典某超市食品废物为例进行分析，给管理者制定减排方案提供了科学依据。

 摘要 

零售环节作为整个食品供应链中的重要组成部分，与供应链中其它环节（如家庭消费和农业生产）相比，它产生的废物较少。但因为零售环节能够影响上游供应商和下游消费者，因此对整条链而言，影响不容小觑。本研究分析了超市食品废物（肉类、蔬菜类、面包类，不考虑奶类食品）从产生到处理整个生命周期对环境的影响，揭示了哪种废物组分对环境的影响最大，以及哪个阶段造成的环境影响最大等问题。

本文以瑞典某超市一年之内产生的食品废物为例进行分析。为了给超市提供合理的减排策略，本文考虑了四种不同的食品废物处理过程。其中两种为大部分超市当前采用的处置方案（即直接将食品废物进行厌氧消化或者焚烧），另两种则为在前两种的基础上考虑了废物再利用的备选方案（即对食品废物的包装材料进行回收和将废物中的面包进行再利用）。

结论如下：

1）在超市所产生的废物中，牛肉类产品和面包废物产生的环境足迹最大；

2）面包废物产生量所占比重最大，产生的环境影响主要有臭氧层退化、淡水生态毒性、以及资源消耗；

3）牛肉类产品废物主要环境影响有颗粒物产生、光化学臭氧合成，酸化以及水体富营养化等；

4）两种备选方案每年可以减排二氧化碳分别为1027千克和1549千克。 

由于面包是瑞典超市食品废弃物中的主要部分，因此妥善处置废弃面包是减少超市环境足迹的关键所在。相比以往的处理方式，从源头上分离食品废弃物及其包装，以及将面包作为动物饲料使用都有可能减少超市的碳足迹，保护环境。

亮点

•面包废弃物对超市的环境足迹影响很大；

•我们可以从减少面包废弃物着手减少超市的环境足迹；

•对食品废弃物及其包装进行单独处理可以减少碳足迹。

原文信息

Title:

Life cycle assessment of supermarket food waste

Authors:

Pedro Brancoli, , Kamran Rousta, Kim Bolton

Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Allégatan 1 501 90 Borås, Sweden

Received 7 October 2016, Revised 24 November 2016, Accepted 29 November 2016, Available online 9 December 2016

Abstract

Retail is an important actor regarding waste throughout the entire food supply chain. Although it produces lower amounts of waste compared to other steps in the food value chain, such as households and agriculture, it has a significant influence on the supply chain, including both suppliers in the upstream processes and consumers in the downstream. The research presented in this contribution analyses the impacts of food waste at a supermarket in Sweden. In addition to shedding light on which waste fractions have the largest environmental impacts and what part of the waste life cycle is responsible for the majority of the impacts, the results provide information to support development of strategies and actions to reduce of the supermarket’s environmental footprint. Therefore, the food waste was categorised and quantified over the period of one year, the environmental impacts of waste that were generated regularly and in large amounts were assessed, and alternative waste management practices were suggested. The research revealed the importance of not only measuring the food waste in terms of mass, but also in terms of environmental impacts and economic costs. The results show that meat and bread waste contributes the most to the environmental footprint of the supermarket. Since bread is a large fraction of the food waste for many Swedish supermarkets, this is a key item for actions aimed at reducing the environmental footprint of supermarkets. Separation of waste packaging from its food content at the source and the use of bread as animal feed were investigated as alternative waste treatment routes and the results show that both have the potential to lead to a reduction in the carbon footprint of the supermarket.

本期编辑：杜菲、孙潇，来自化工707。

欢迎关注“RCR期刊”微信公众号，《Resources, Conservation & Recycling》致力于发表资源和环境可持续管理领域的最前沿学术论文。

RCR期刊

欢迎加入讨论~！

点击“阅读原文”了解更多信息